师资介绍 刘征宇教授

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刘征宇 7 J; V8 K6 D1 T, h : y. u6 p& l: ] z- Y( B ) s- n0 i9 R# o+ r6 ^0 gVita: Zhengyu Liu . S. x' q! m; M; {5 ]2 a! A# N Professor/Director, Center for Climatic Research-The Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies & Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706, / T- E% A1 A0 X# a+ |! t( h7 wPh: (608) 262-0777, Fax: (608) 263-4190, email: zliu3@wisc.edu Ph.D., Physical Oceanography, MIT (Advisor: J. Pedlosky)                   87- 91 & S5 c% x m9 [# m9 `M.S., Dynamic Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Science                   82- 85   B.S., Applied Mathematics, Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, China       78- 82.   Experience: Director, Center for Climatic Research-Nelson Institute       02- Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison         02- ' } c4 C( R9 }6 [" gAssociate Director, Center for Climatic Research-Nelson Institute       00-02 Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison             98 -02 9 B7 {! Q( r! H2 _( k: r2 iAssistant Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison           93– 98 ( f' I" k2 C, ?# l7 {# Y8 F7 [' oPostdoctoral Fellow, Princeton University, (Mentor: G. Philander)         91 –93 - P! k( X* b6 d7 b" F5 b. |Lecturer, Dept. Earth Sciences, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences 85 –87 Research Interests: 9 G. n3 T2 K4 D) m8 TOcean-atmosphere interaction and climate dynamics, Paleoclimate modeling, Dynamics of oceanic circulation, Earth system modeling, 4 [: M$ l. ^& k( C/ B0 Y ( b2 c0 `. [' ROther Scholarly Activity: Member, NSF paleo-proxy working group, 2005; Co-chair, CCSM paleoclimate working group, 2005-; Member, U.S. CLIVAR-Pacific steering committee, 2004-; Member, Tropical past climate working group, 03; Senior Visiting Professor Award, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 02; Chinese Ministry of Education Special Professor, Ocean University of China, 01-; Member, Marine Earth System History steering committee, 01; Member, Shallow STC and Climate working group, 00; Excellent Oversea Chinese Scientist Award, Chinese NSF, 00; Vilas Associate Professor, UW-Madison, 99; Member, U.S. PAGE/CLIVAR working group, 99; Member, Graduate School Research Committee, UW-Madison, 99-02; Member, Steering Committee, Asian Partnership Program/UW-Madison, 99-; Visiting Scientist, IPRC, University of Hawaii, 99; Member, Advisory Panel of NCAR Supercomputing, 98-00; Visiting Scientist, NCAR, 95,96; Young Investigator Award /ONR, 95; NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship on Climate Change, 91-93. & o9 Q; M9 P- p) { Courses Taught AOS171: Global Climate Change (Fall, 03, 04) 3 P3 |1 [* P3 \. K, A) dAOS611: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics II: Large-Scale Dynamics (Spring, 96, 97, 98, 99,           00, 01, 03, 04, 05) AOS660: Introduction to Physical Oceanography. (Fall 94, 95, 98) AOS761: Dynamics of General Oceanic Circulation. (Spring, 94, 95, 99, Fall, 96, 00, 02. 05) AOS760: Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction and Global Climate Variability (Fall, 97, 99) * P6 H2 E; k& R8 {9 M: iAOS801: Advanced Topics in Ocean Dynamics (Fall, 95). AOS900: Seminar in Classical Problems in Meteorology (Fall, 97, 02) AOS901: Seminar in Advanced Dynamics (Fall, 93,96) AOS910: Seminar in Global Climate (Spring, 97, 02, 03, 04, 05) + Y: h4 H* _" l0 B; o/ a4 \$ U6 hAOS960: Seminar in Oceanography (Spring, 96, 04; Fall, 99, 00, 03) 7 P9 [/ |8 F4 Y7 M1 g/ Y; bMaster Graduate Students Boyin Huang, K. Kantonyu, Liping Zhang, Shin Ashutosh, William Lewis, Andrew Lennea, Lihua Wang, 3 H) B+ j3 t$ A% J' e. ^3 R# _ / Z- _. Q- W( X0 W& ?' Q0 b7 [Ph.D Graduate Students 6 V; M8 A" |5 y1 cBoyin Huang, Eric Bayler, ShangIk Shin, Donna Lee, Yafang Zhong, Erin Hokonson, Feng He, Yun Liu, Everest Ong, Andrew Parker, Wei Liu, John-Paul Argenti, Xiaojie Zhu / j6 y4 }" h# s0 t0 u! {2 O Postdoctoral and Visiting Researchers Sergey Borisov, Weimin Xu, Yury Golobev, Steve Vavrus, Lixin Wu, Dongxiao Wang, Monica Stephens, Li Li, Tomoko Inui, Haijun Yang, Joan Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Yu Liu, Mike Notaro, Sam Klapan, Wen Na, Robert Booth, Guangshen Chen, Jai Sukhatme, Karl-Heinz Wyrwoll Publications & P7 O9 {/ K; b* N, C Liu Z. 1989: Orographically forced oscillation in a barotropic atmosphere. Scientia Atmospherica Sinica, 13, 166-177. : r- \. G4 k& q" qLiu Z. 1990: On the influence of the continental slope on the inertial western boundary current--the enhanced transport and recirculation. J. Mar. Res., 48, 254-284 5 a- W4 l. M$ u. _ vZhu B.Z., F.F. Jin and Z. Liu. 1990: An introduction to the nonlinear dynamics of the atmosphere and ocean. (in Chinese). China Ocean Press. 328pp Liu, Z., 1993: Thermocline forced by varying wind. I: spin-up and spin-down. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2505-2522, Liu, Z., 1993: Thermocline forced by varying wind. II: annual and decadal Ekman pumping. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2523-2541, ' G$ v/ E! T3 G; Z5 K& ALiu, Z., 1993: Interannual positive feedbacks in a simple extratropical air-sea coupling system. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3022-3028. 9 U1 n. y1 r9 q- kLiu, Z., 1993: Interannual planetary wave breaking in the presence of mean Ekman pumping and flow. J. Fluid Mechanics, 253, 45-65 + Y: z" j3 V5 F3 O; ZLiu Z., 1993: Penetration of interannual planetary waves across a gyre boundary. Dyn. Atmos. Ocean. 17, 169-186. Liu, Z., J. Pedlosky, D. Marshall, T. Warnocke, 1993: On the feedback of the Rhines-Young pool on the ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1592-1596, Liu, Z., 1993: A note on intergyre mass exchange due to a migrating wind. Dyn. Atmos. Ocean, 17, 157-167 0 r/ V( @4 p0 `+ |/ qLiu,Z. and J. Pedlosky, 1994: Thermocline forced by annual and decadal surface temperature variation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 587-608, Liu, Z. and S.P. Xie, 1994: Equatorward propagation of coupled air-sea disturbances with application to the annual cycle of the eastern tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3807-3822. Liu, Z. and H. Yang, 1994: Intergyre chaotic transport, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1768-1782, & j$ b& g8 X) t+ I8 F2 @Yang, H. and Z. Liu, 1994: Chaotic transport in ocean gyres. Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 545-548. Liu, Z. , 1994: A simple model of the mass exchange between the subtropical and tropical ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1153-1165. Liu, Z., S.G.H.Philander and R. Pacanowski, 1994: A GCM study of tropical -subtropical upper ocean mass exchange. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2606-2623. 9 a4 l& p+ P4 e5 TLiu, Z. and S.G.H. Philander, 1995: How different wind patterns affect the tropical-subtropical thermocline circulation in the upper ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 449-462. 3 Q. W( i. y( }8 o- J; O% G, @5 }Liu, Z., 1996: On the destruction of inertial recirculation by annual wind migration. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 242-256. Liu, Z., 1996: Thermocline variability in different dynamic regions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1633-1645. Sun, D. and Z. Liu, 1996: Dynamic ocean-atmosphere coupling: a thermostat for the tropics. Science, 272, 1148-1150. Liu, Z., 1996: Modeling the equatorial annual cycle with a linear coupled model. J. Climate, 9, 2376-2385. 3 v* b. h9 @$ ?( uKutzbach, J., P.Bartlein, J. Foley, S. Harrison, S. Hostetler, Z. Liu, E.C. Prentice and T.   Webb, 1996: The potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: a case study at 6000 years before present. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,   10, 727-736 Liu, Z. and B. Huang, 1997: A coupled theory of tropical climatology:   Warm pool, cold tongue and Walker Circulation. J. Climate, 10, 1662-1679. Liu, Z., 1997: Oceanic regulation of the atmospheric Walker circulation. Bulletin of American Meteological Society, 78, 407-412. / m& [6 j# Y: I' f% v1 EYang, H. and Z. Liu, 1997: Three-dimensional chaotic ocean transport: the Great Ocean Barrier. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1258-1273. 2 A0 r5 l3 f- t! H" MKutzbach J. and Z. Liu, 1997: Oceanic feedback on the western African monsoon at 6000 BP. Science, 278, 440-443. Liu, Z., 1997: On the role of stratification in inertial recirculation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 926-940 Liu, Z., 1998: On the role of ocean in the transient response of tropical climatology to global warming. J. Climate. 11, 864-875. Liu, Z. and B. Huang , 1998: Why is there a tritium maximum in the central equatorial Pacific thermocline ?   J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1527-1533. Liu, Z. and R.H. Zhang, 1998: Propagation and mechanism of decadal upper ocean variability in the North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 739-742 3 O t9 x$ Y' r/ D9 {( ~Liu, Z. and S. Shin, 1999: On thermocline ventilation of active and passive tracers. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 357-360. ) N" ~5 B1 Y; e! j+ LLiu, Z., 1999: Planetary wave modes in thermocline circulation: Non-Doppler-shift mode, advective mode and Green mode. Quat. J. Royal Meteor. Soc., 125, 1315-1339 Liu, Z., 1999: Forced planetary wave response in a thermocline gyre. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1036-1055 $ r( K9 L8 H4 v1 ^Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 1999: Pacific subtropical-tropical thermocline water exchange in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11,065-11,076 Wu, L, Z. Liu and H. Hurlbert, 1999: The effect of continental slope on buoyancy-driven circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1881-1891 " N2 [) \9 M% Z1 G, p1 w) o& CLiu, Z., L. Wu and E. Bayler, 1999: Rossby wave -- coastal Kelvin wave interaction in the extratropics. I: low frequency adjustment in a closed basin. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 2383-2404 " @) M9 D t9 u4 f2 rLiu, Z., L. Wu and H. Hurlburt, 1999: Rossby wave- Coastal Kelvin wave interaction in the extratropics: II: formation of island circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr, 29, 2405-2418 * C( i! S8 }1 r* pLiu, Z., R. Gallimore, J. Kutzbach, W. Xu, Y. Golubev, P. Behling and R. Siegle, 1999: Modeling long term climate change with the Equilibrium Asynchronous Coupling scheme. Climate Dyn., 15, 325-340 Zhang R. H and Z. Liu, 1999: Decadal thermocline variability in the North Pacific: Two pathways around the subtropical gyre. J. Climate, 12, 3273-3296 Wu, L., Z. Liu, and H. Hurlburt, 1999: The effect of north-south gyre width on the inertial recirculation. Geophys. & Astrophys. Fluid dynamics, 91, 45-63 Liu, Z., R. Jacobs, J. Kutzbach, S. Harrison and J. Anderson, 1999: Asian monsoon impact on El Nino in the early Holocene. PAGES Newsletter, Vol. 7, No. 2, 16-17 + A3 w2 z }+ }# l3 b8 YLiu, Z., S. Shin, P. Behling, W. Prell, M. Trend, S. Harrison and J. Kutzbach, 2000: Dynamic and observational constraints of sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific at the Last Glacial Maximum. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 105-108. ( R9 b4 j. p B8 U/ HLiu Z. and B. Huang, 2000: Causes of the warming trend of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, No. 13, 1935-. # {0 ^3 p. O( {3 t& fWu, L.; Z. Liu, and Hurlburt, H. E. 2000: Kelvin wave and Rossby wave interaction in the extratropical-tropical Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27 , No. 9 , 1259- $ `5 w' h/ w: Q* f+ b5 c" X+ YLiu Z. and L. Wu, 2000: Tropical Atlantic Oscillation in a coupled GCM. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 1, 26-36 (invited paper) Wang, D. X. and Z. Liu, 2000: The pathway of interdecadal variability in the Pacific Ocean. Chinese Science Bulletin, 45, 1555-1561 ) ]* v8 U ]7 r% Y+ q. QLiu, Z., J. Kutzbach and L. Wu, 2000: Modeling climatic shift of El Nino variability in the Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2265-2268. ( V# H$ U p. F4 X- ?$ MShin S. and Z. Liu, 2000: Response of equatorial thermocline to extratropical buoyancy forcing. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 2883-2905 Vavrus, S., R. Gallimore and Z. Liu, 2000: A mixed-flux equilibrium asynchronous coupling scheme for accelerating convergence in ocean-atmosphere models. Clim. Dyn., 16. 821-831 Yang, H., Q. Liu and Z. Liu, 2001: Sverdrup dynamics in the South China Sea. Prog. Natrual Sci., 10, 1035-1039 Liu, Q, H. Yang and Z. Liu, 2000: Seasonal features of Sverdrup circulation in the South China Sea. Prog. Natural Sci., 11, 202-206 Liu, Z. and G. Philander, 2001: Tropical-extratropical oceanic exchange pathways. In Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modeling the Global Ocean. ed. G. Siedler et al., 247-254 (invited paper) Liu, Z., H. Yang and Q. Liu, 2001: Regional dynamics of seasonal variability of sea surface height in the South China Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 272-284 * T: G; a& S1 F8 l8 P3 u# ?' U) f EDelire C., P. Behling, M. T. Coe, J.A. Foley, R. Jacob, J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu and S. Vavrus, 2001: Simulated response of the atmosphere-ocean system to deforestation in the Indonesian Archipelago. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2081-2084 Stephens M., Z. Liu and H. Yang, 2001: On the evolution of subduction planetary waves with application to Pacific decadal thermocline variability. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1733-1746 8 q% L, \$ J- \8 w& E9 KStephens M. Y. and Z. Liu, 2001: The response of the upper ocean to surface buoyancy forcing: a characteristic solution to wave propagation. Contemporary Mathematics, 275, 117-127 . ~! `( v) m* V# cHuang, B. and Z. Liu, 2001: On the upper ocean trend of the Pacific Ocean in the last 40 years. J. Clim., 14, 3738-3750. Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 2000: Temperature trends in the upper tropical Indian Ocean: 1955-1993. Dynamics of Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations and Climate, Memorial Volume for Prof. Zhu Baozhen, China Ocean Meteorological. 413-433 ' z t; A/ }* hZhou W., M. John, Z. An, P.D. Deckker, Z. Liu, X. Liu, X. Lu, A. J. T. Jull, D. Donahue, 2001: Terrestrial evidence for a spatial structure of tropical-polar interconnections during the Younger Dryas Episode. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 191, 231-239 Wu, L., Z. Liu and R. Gallimore, 2001: Pacific interdecadal variability in a coupled model. Dynamics of Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations and Climate, ed. B. Wang, China Meteological Press, 486-507 ' Z/ [ n) y! K. QLiu Q.Y., Haijun Yang, Shaoxia Wang, Z. Liu, 2001: Dynamic features of long Rossby wave in the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent. Chinese Journal of Geophysics., 44, 27-37 Inui T. and Z. Liu, 2002: An interpretation of Pacific thermocline variability. The effect of wind forcing on subduction. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 1094-1105. Liu, Z., 2002: A simple model study of the forced response of ENSO to an external periodic forcing. J. Clim., 15, 1088-1098. Vavrus, S., and Z. Liu, 2002: Understanding the response of the tropical atmosphere-ocean system to increased CO2 using Equilibrium Asynchronous Coupling. Climate Dyn, 19, 355-369. Huang, B. and Z. Liu, 2002: An OGCM Simulation of seasonal and interannual variability in the surface layer Pacific of the equatorial band. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 19, 219-235. " i* @) L4 U% a* R9 a! hWu L. and Z. Liu, 2002: Dynamic control of Pacific oceanic variability on the western boundary and marginal seas. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 96, 201-222. 7 T: S# c1 ]+ {( m+ `5 X3 |* FLiu, Z., W. Wu, R. Gallimore and R. Jacob, 2002: Search for the origins of Pacific decadal climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 10.1029/2001GL013735 Liu, Z., S. Shin, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Kutzbach and E. Brady, 2002: Tropical Cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum and Extratropical Ocean Ventilation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 10.1029/2001GL013938 & D3 p+ ^3 |& ]: zYang H., Q. Liu, Z. Liu, D, Wang and X. Liu, 2002: A GCM study of the dynamics of the upper ocean circulation of the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res.., 107, 10.1029/2001JC001084, 22-1-14 Liu, Q.Y., Y. Jia, H. Yang and Z. Liu, 2002: Seasonal variation mechanism of sea surface height in the north of the SCS. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 24, 134-141 ! H" q* g3 P) V. J) vWu L. and Z. Liu, 2002: Is tropical Atlantic variability driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 10.1029/2002GL014939 3 D+ _% U/ g y+ e, lWu, L., Q. Zhang and Z. Liu, 2002: Searching for the role of ENSO in the tropical Atlantic variability. Clivar Exchanges, No.25, Vol.7 3/4 ( O' G P" E/ h: Y1 D0 q- YLiu, Z., 2002: How long is the memory of tropical ocean dynamics. J. Clim., 15, 3518-3522 Shin S., Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, E. Brady, J. Kutzbach, S. Harrison, 2003: A NCAR CCSM simulation of the climate at the Last Glacial Maximum. Clim. Dyn, 20, 127-151 K9 B: |: M ?, i* M! eShin S., Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, E. Brady, J. Kutzbach, 2002: Southern Ocean sea-ice control of the glacial North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, DOI:10.1029/2002GL015513 9 G5 t8 o/ Y, D, U7 lLiu, Z., 2003: Tropical ocean decadal variability and the resonance of planetary wave basin modes: I: Theory. J. Clim., 16, 1539-1550 Wu. L, Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, R. Jacob, D. Lee, and Y. Zhong, 2003: A coupled modeling study of Pacific decadal variability: The Tropical Mode and The North Pacific Mode. J. Climate, 16, 1101-1120 Wang, D. , J. Wang, L. Wu, Z. Liu. 2003. Relative importance of wind and buoyancy forcing for interdecadal regime shifts in the Pacific. Science in China, 46 (5) : 417-427 Wang, D. J. Wang, L. Wu, and Z. Liu, 2003: Regime shifts in the North Pacific simulated by a COADS-driven isopycnal model. Advances in Atmospheric sciences, 20, 743-754. 6 K) O( w$ F/ u" MHarrison, S., J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, P. Bartlein, B. Otto-Bliesner, D. Muhs, I. Prentice and R. Thompson, 2003: Mid-Holocene climates of the Americas: a dynamical response to changes seasonality. Clim. Dyn., 20, 663-688 Liu, Z. and H. Yang, 2003: Extratropical control on tropical climate: atmospheric bridge and oceanic tunnel. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 10.1029/2002GL016492 Liu, Z., B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Kutzbach, L. Li, C. Shields, 2003: Coupled climate simulations of the evolution of global monsoons in the Holocene. J. Clim., 16, 2472-2490 Liu, Z., E. Brady and J. Lynch-Steiglitz, 2003: Global ocean response to orbital forcing in the Holocene. Paleoceanography, 18 (2), 1041, doi:10.1029/2002PA000819. Miller, A. J., M.A. Alexander, G.J. Boer, F. Chai, K. Denman, D. J. Erickson, r. Frouin, A.J. Gabric, E.A. Laws, M.R. Lewis, Z. Liu, R. Murtugudde, S. Nakamoto, D.J. Nelson, J.R. Norris, J. C. Ohlmann, R. I. Perry, N. Schneider, K. M. Shell and A. Timmermann, 2003: Potential feedbacks between Pacific ocean ecosystems and interdecadal climate variations. Bull. Ame. Meteor. Soc., 84 (5), 617-633 V v1 U5 J2 l3 xYang H. and Z. Liu, 2003: On basin modes in a tropical-extratropical ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 2751-2763 & P- d7 V) W+ TWu, L. and Z. Liu, 2003: Decadal variability in the North Pacific: the Eastern North Pacific Mode. J. Clim., 16, 3111-3131 Wu, L., and Z. Liu, 2003: On the dynamics of North Atlantic decadal variability, Clivar Exchange, No.28. Liu, X., J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, Z. An, Li L., 2003: The amplification of Tibetan Plateau on the effect of orbital forcing on the East Asian monsoon. GRL, 30 (16), 1839, doi:10.1029/2003GL017510,2003 - z' F" p. M' c6 E& ]; hOtto-Bliesner, B., E. Brady, S. Shin, Z. Liu, C. Shields, 2003: Modeling El Nino and its tropical teleconnections during the glacial-interglacial cycle. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, No.23, 2198, doi:10.1029/2003GL08553 $ N$ u% O* P7 I$ S+ ^Loubere P., M. Richaud, Z. Liu and F. Mekik, 2003: Oceanic conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the onset of ENSO in the Holocene. Quaternary Research, 60, 142-148 Liu, Z., Q. Zhang and L. Wu, 2004: The remote impact on tropical Atlantic climate variability: the dynamic assessment and statistical assessment. J. Clim., 17, 1529-1549 Yang H., Z. Liu and H. Wang, 2004: Influence of extratropical thermal and wind forcings on equatorial thermocline in an ocean GCM. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 174-187 ( L2 T7 v/ Y2 t- D4 [( q; mLiu, Z. and L. Wu, 2004: Atmospheric response to North Pacific SST: The role of ocean-atmosphere coupling. J. Clim., 17, 1859-1882 3 u4 s) A: f' @# @' P5 eYang H., Z. Liu and Q. Zhang, 2004: Tropical ocean decadal variability and the resonance of planetary wave basin modes: II: Numerical Study. J. Clim., 17, 1711-1721 ! I4 u1 x6 F& ^7 NLiu, Z., S. Harrison, J. Kutzbach, B. Otto-Bliesner: 2004: Global monsoons in the mid-Holocene and oceanic feedback: Clim. Dyn.., 22, 157-182. Liu, Z., W. Lewis and A. Ganopolski, 2004: A Coordinated Acceleration Scheme for the Simulation of Long Term Climate Evolution. Climate Dyn., 22, 771-781 0 w: \; J( t2 M) w7 lWu, L., Q. Zhang, and Z. Liu, 2004: Understanding the tropical Atlantic variability using coupled modeling surgery. In Earth Climate: The Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, C. Wang, S.-P. Xie and J.A. Carton (eds.), AGU Geophysical Monograph, 147, 157-170. : u$ [' `; o6 I, F g9 tBranconnot, P., S.P. Harrison, S. Joussaume, C.D. Hewitt, A. Kitoh, J.E. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Syktus, and N. Weber, 2004: Evaluation of PMIP Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Simulations of the Mid-Holocene. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research. In press Pan A., Q. Liu and Z. Liu, 2004: Periodic forcing and ENSO suppression in the Cane-Zebiak model. J. Oceanography, In press Wu L. and Z. Liu, 2005: North Atlantic decadal variability: air-sea coupling, oceanic memory, and potential northern hemisphere resonance. J. Clim., 18, 331-349 . w$ ~; v% u; sYang H., Q. Zhang, Y. Zhong, S. Vavrus, Z. Liu, 2005: How does extratropical warming affects ENSO? Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01702, doi:10.1029/2004GL021624 Zhao, Y., P. Braconnot, O. Marti, S.P. Harrison, C. Hewitt, A. Kitoh, Z. Liu, U. Mikolajewicz, B. Otto-Bliesner and S. L. Weber, 2004: A multi-model analysis of ocean feedback on the African and Indian monsoon during the mid-Holocene. Clim. Dyn., in press Liu, Z., S. Shin, R. Webb, W. Lewis and B. Otto-Bliesner, 2005: Atmospheric CO2 forcing on glacial thermohaline and climate. Geophys. Re. Lett, 32, L02706, doi:10.1029/2004GL021929 ) {2 G. D& C' s4 sNotaro, M., Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, S. Vavrus, J. Kutzbach, C. Prentice and R. Jacob, 2004: Simulated and observed pre-industrial to modern vegetation and climate changes. J. Clim, in press / E6 F# B1 P9 d0 @, IVavrus S., M. Notaro and Z. Liu, 2004: A mechanism for abrupt climate change associated with tropical Pacific SSTs. J. Clim., in press. ' y+ C# ]. g7 TAn Soon-Il, Axel Timmermann, Luis Bejarano, Fei-Fei Jin, Z. Liu, Sandy Tudhope, 2004: Modeling evidence for enhanced ENSO variability during the Last Glacial Maximum. Paleoceagnoraphy, 19, doi:10.1029/2004PA001020 Yang H. and Z. Liu, 2005: Tropical-extratropical climate interaction as revealed in idealized coupled climate model experiments. Clim. Dyn., in press 5 b8 N: z8 \9 x$ hLiu, Q,, Z. Liu and Pan A., 2005: A simple model study of ENSO and QBO interaction. Adv. Atmos. Sci., in press @( J; [* q9 h w, gWu L., D. Lee, Z. Liu, 2005: Understanding climate regime shift in the North Pacific. J. Clim., in press ; J; @- l7 A3 u3 M' zBayler E. and Z. Liu, 2005: On the formation of the Vietnam coastal recirculation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press 6 f- v9 r2 w/ m' r5 @0 X5 i6 xLiu, Z., S. Vavrus and F. He, 2005: Rethinking tropical ocean response to global warming: the enhanced equatorial warming. J. Clim., in press Liu, Z., M. Notaro, J. Kutzbach and N. Liu, 2005: Assessing global vegetation-climate feedbacks from the observation. J. Clim., in press. Notaro, M. Z. Liu and J. Williams, 2005: An observational assessment of climate-vegetation feedback in the U.S. J. Clim., in press. Liu, Z., 2005: Glacial thermohaline and climate: Is it driven from the North or South? Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,, in press / p' ~9 W: \- l& h- kWu L., F. He and Z. Liu, 2005: Coupled ocean-atmosphere response to tropical North Atlantic SST variability: Tropical Atlantic Dipole and ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press 1 X5 ^) A: z3 U0 O4 f' J1 C3 } 3 ~; t. f: M% R( XSubmitted and in preparation Pan A., Q. Liu and Z. Liu, 2005: On the variability of the central Pacific mode water. J. Geophys. Res., submitted. ) P: Y4 M" T( R# y' x/ ULee D. and Z. Liu, 2005: Assess seasonal ocean-atmosphere interaction in the North Pacific. Clim. Dyn., submitted Minobe, S. N. Schneider, Z. Liu, C. Deser, H. Nakamura, M. Nonoka, 2005: Pacific decadal variability: a review. J. Geophys. Res. Submitted Wu L. , Z. Liu, Y. Liu, Q. Liu and X. Liu, 2005: Global climate impact from the North Pacific Ocean. J. Clim., submitted Wu L. and Z. Liu, 2005: North Pacific impact on tropical climate shift: the two-phase teleconnections. J. Clim., submitted. ! B# o' i0 R3 s: I8 f. ALiu, Z. and M. Alexander, 2005: Atmospheric bridge, oceanic tunnel and global climatic teleconnections. Rev. Geophys. (invited), submitted. Abram N. J., M. K. Gagan, Z. Liu, W. S. Hantoro , M. T. McCulloch and B. W. Suwargadi, 2005: Variability in the Indian Ocean Dipole and tropical climate through the Holocene. Nature, submitted & [ n; j# G5 t! {8 s! HLiu, X., J. Kutzbach, Z. Liu, S. Clemens and W. Prell, 2005: Hemispheric climate forcing and remote response of Asian monsoon. J. Climate, submitted ( m7 v' x9 G$ CWen N., Z. Liu, C. Frankignoul, Q. Liu, 2005: Observations of SST, heat flux and ocean-atmosphere interaction over the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett., submitted & c2 N* k' R, n+ V( {- TLiu, Z., Y. Liu, L. Wu and R. Jacob, 2005: Seasonal and long term atmospheric response to North Pacific oceanic variability: the reemergence and its climate impact. J. Clim., submitted. h+ z s7 k" [Liu, X., Z. Liu, J. Kutzbach, S. Clemens and W. Prell, 2005: A coupled model study of glacial Asian monsoon variability and Indian Ocean Dipole variability. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, submitted Notaro, M., S. J. Vavrus and Z. Liu, 2005: Vegetation and climate changes due to future increases in CO2 as projected by a fully coupled model with dynamic vegetation. J. Climate, submitted. Liu, Z. and N. Wen, 2005: Observational evidence of the response of the North Atlantic Oscillation to winter oceanic reemergence. J. Climate, to be submitted. Liu, Z. and M. Notaro, 2005: Potential impact of boreal forest on Pacific Decadal Variability. in preparation Liu, Z., Y. Wang, R. Gallimore, M. Notaro, E. Ong, J. Kutzbach and R. Jacob, 2005: Transient evolution of Holocene climate-ecosystem in the North Africa: Abrupt change or threshold response? in preparation Booth, R., S. Hotchkiss, Z. Liu, 2005: The 4.2ka event -- a world-wide synthesis. in preparation ; X& U5 A& B' S2 w) HFunding Awards ) ^7 |! Z7 k! S& v& u- pExpired A Model Study of the Interaction of the Tropical-Subtropical Thermocline Circulation. PI: Z. Liu,   Physical Oceanography/NSF, $160,000,   09//94 - 08/97 0 K" B7 w! Y$ ]) QA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Model   Study of the Annual Cycle in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: the Extratropical Influence. PI: Z. Liu, Pam-America Climate Studies/NOAA, $127,174, 07/95 -06/97. V2 A' |" l- h) E. ^A Model Study of the Dynamics of the Western Boundary Current/Recirculation System. PI: Z. Liu, Young Investigator Award/ONR, $490,000, 06/95 --05/98, Extratropical Climate Variability in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System. CoPI: Z. Liu (PI: D.D. Hougnton, CoPI: R. Gallimore), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $360,000, 07/95 -- 06/97, Extratropical Climate Variability in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System. CoPI: Z. Liu (PI: D.D. Hougnton, CoPI: R. Gallimore), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $160,000, 09/97 -- 08/99, Testing Earth System Models with Paleo Observations. CoPI: Z. Liu, (PI: J. Kutzbach, CoPI: J. Foley), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $1,050,000, 07/95 - 06/99, 1 Z) m/ E4 ?7 M/ _$ o8 wMultiple-component Response of the Tropical Atmosphere/ocean/Vegetation system to CO2 increase. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI; Kutzbach, J. Foley, J.), Model and Method for Integration Studies/NSF, $450,000, 09/97-08/00 A Coupled Modeling Study of Interdecadal-decadal Climate Variability in the Pacific Ocean Region. PI: Z. Liu (CoPI: R. Gallimore), Climate Dynamics/NSF $198,000, 11/98--10/00. ) X6 r/ p& y9 K" X D8 \Determining the Change of Tropical Pacific Thermocline. PI: Z. Liu, GOALS/NOAA, $265,000, 09/98--08/01. Dynamics of Decadal Thermocline Variability in the Extratropics. PI: Z. Liu, Physical Oceanography Program/NSF, $270,000 , 09/98--08/02. . W6 {7 |7 B$ H+ `- \' OThe role of increasing CO2 levels and ocean and vegetation feedbacks in Permian global warming, and comparisons of simulations with observations. CoPI: Z. Liu (PI. J. Kutzbach), PaleoClim/NSF, $330,000, 02/99-01/02 1 N$ U0 F! H& Q% _Testing Earth System Models with Paleo Observations. CoPI: Z. Liu, (PI: J. Kutzbach), ESH/NSF, $1,050,000, 7/99 - 6/04, Towards the prediction of decadal to multi-century processes in a high-throughput climate system model. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: J. Kutzbach, R. Jacob, C. Prentice), CCPP/DOE, $775,000, 09/01-08/04 A coupled modeling study of tropical decadal climate variability: extratropical-tropical interactions. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: L. Wu), Physical Oceanography/NASA, $372,000, 9/01-8/05 ' p$ A3 w) A' v6 u& I: lA pilot study of past decadal climate variability using the combined tree-ring and lake-verve proxy in northern Wisconsin, PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: S. Kaplan), $25,000, 10/03-09/04, E. Wagner Foundation / U5 `' I2 m1 O) B9 xImpact of Anthropogenic forcing on tropical ocean-atmosphere-vegetation system. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI; J. Kutzbach, C. Prentice), Climate Dynamics/NSF, $500,000, 08/00-08/05 & D- w. y* e# n8 U- ^ Total Expired Awards (1994- 2004): $6,585K, (PI award: $4,000K)           - }) h) v8 r) u: T2 h; Z Current Determining equatorial thermocline in the tropical climate system. PI: Z. Liu, CLIVAR-Pacific/NOAA, $340,000, 09/02--08/06. & d3 @; T! O! Z7 n# Y0 x; gCoupled dynamics of tropical Atlantic climate variability. PI: Z. Liu, CLIVAR-Atlantic/NOAA, $360,000, 09/02-08/06 5 y0 l- ]2 c; d. V# H; o8 k7 i+ TQuantifying and Understanding the Effects of Extratropical Forcings on Equatorial Pacific Thermocline Using an OGCM and Its Adjoint. PI: T. Lee at JPL,(CoPI: Z. Liu), CLIVAR-Pacific/NOAA, 340,000, 03/03-02/06 # }, ?3 O3 `5 n3 a5 hUnderstanding Marine Bio-Physical Feedback in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere System using Ocean Color Remote Sensing Information, PI: Z. Liu, NESDIS/NOAA, $330,000, 06/03-05/06 0 Y; _! K3 l% r+ C- y& }/ H8 [" D8 zCollaborative Research into Indo-Asian Monsoon Variability: Data and Model Assessment of Northern- and Southern-Hemisphere Mechanisms. PI: J. Kutzbach (CoPI: Z. Liu), Marine Geology/NSF, $240,000, 10/04-09/07 : [ F* `+ Q$ B3 L2 tTowards the prediction of decadal to multi-century processes in high-throughput earth system models. PI: Z. Liu, (CoPI: J. Kutzbach, R. Jacob, C. Prentice), CCPP/DOE, $845,000, 09/04-08/07 " d3 j8 Z( z8 W O/ V$ uModeling climate evolution since the mid-Holocene. PI: Z. Liu, ESH/NSF, $458,000, 07/05-06/08 0 V- h# \) U% C6 R; S! tNon-hydrostatic effects on multi-scale coupling in rotating and stratified flows. PI: L. Smith (CoPI: Z. Liu, with LANL/DOE, PI: S. Kurien, CoPI: B. Wingate), Multi-scale Math. Res. & Edu./DOE, $891,000, 10/05-09/08 $ {% g8 O# i' B0 P" i( U7 oThe role of Kuroshio and North Pacific decadal climate variability. PI: Qinyu Liu (China Ocean Univ). (CoPI: Z. Liu), Chinese Yen 1,200,000, 01/04-12/08, Chinese NSF Uplifting Effect of Tibetan Plateau on global climate. PI: Zishen, An., Xiaodong Liu, (Earth Environment Institute, Chinese Academy of Science). (CoPI: Z. Liu), Chinese Yen 1,100,000, 01/05-12/09, Chinese NSF 4 S/ Z w1 e$ ]+ o ! T! x% [8 @) gTotal Current Awards:   $3,804K, Chinese Yen 2,300K (PI award: $2,400K)           , E) E p% l7 j' J3 `5 Q Pending: 7 h9 F0 S% R; X+ _Understanding North Atlantic impact on tropical Atlantic climate variability. PI: Z. Liu, Clim Dyn./NSF, $497,000, 04/06-03/10 Towards the understanding of North Pacific decadal climate variability. PI: Z. Liu, CLIVAR/NOAA, $351,000, 09/06-08/09 # w9 I- [8 B( v2 _Vegetation-climate interaction and predictability in the North America. PI: M. Notaro, (CoPI: Z. Liu), CLIVAR/NOAA, $340,,000, 09/06-08/09 , H, E- _6 C/ F. h8 m! NCoupled climate-terrestrial ecosystem modeling of abrupt climate change. PI: M. Notaro, (CoPI: Z. Liu, C. Prentice, J. William), Ecology/DOE, $883,000, 09/06-08/09 The Indian Ocean Dipole, Australia drought, and the great earthquake cycle: Long term perspectives for improved prediction. PI. M. Gagan (CoPI: G. Meyers, Z. Liu, J. M. Lough, W. S. Hantoro, D.H. Natawidjaja, K. Sieh), Australia Research Council Discovery Project, Aus. $ 8,800,000, 03/06-02/11 1 I" N3 }$ p6 @4 D3 e9 M , b. e: u. S7 D L5 v1 d " I' U: n2 _# {3 T# A3 J , h S f' Z7 fInternal Awards (UW-Madison): 9 V: d' {4 S5 s* z 9 J1 U, x& r# @, q# N1 PDetecting interdecadal temperature and salinity variability in the North Atlantic Ocean. PI: Z. Liu, WARF/UW, $15,704 , 7/94--6/95. Mid-latitdue ocean dyanmics and ocean-atmosphere interaction. PI: Z. Liu, WARF/UW, $15,704 , 7/95--6/96. 1 q* d0 I) Y2 q4 [* T( kDynamics of Western boundary current/Recirculation system: PI: Z. Liu, WARF/UW, $16,000, 7/96--6/97. Dynamics of Western boundary current/Recirculation system: PI: Z. Liu, WARF/UW, $16,000, 7/97--6/98. 4 O6 K# n: P0 x; h O) N) jDynamics of North Pacific and climate: PI: Z. Liu, API/UW, $7,000, 7/98-6/99 $ g" g% Z! P7 Z6 }# B. O: PVilas Associate Award, Vilas Associate Foundation, UW, PI: Z. Liu, $60,000, 2000-2003 # N l9 B$ \7 [3 o$ jStudy past climate change in the East Asia, PI. Z. Liu, CoPI. J. Kutzbach, API/UW, $17,500, 11/00-10/01 + e6 J5 d7 R! h1 ~) lGlobal decadal variability and reconstruction, PI. Z. Liu, J. Kutzbach, API/UW, $15,000, 11/01-10/02 Decadal equatorial variability, PI. Z. Liu, WARF/UW, $35,000, 09/02-08/04 + { o- B: u- q. C + h$ H$ k5 r3 h9 wTotal Internal Award:   $200K (PI award: $200K)           . }6 r- O) _8 S6 lReferences 7 d" T8 J6 B' ?% @+ K3 w Dr. J. Pedlosky, (Ph.D. advisor) . k) h$ G& g1 x7 AClark 3, WHOI, Woods Hole, MA02543, Phone: 508-457-2000 Ext. 2534, Fax: 508-457-2181, # }" q: [- [2 n- k+ y# o* |) c8 XEmail: jpedlosky@whoi.edu 9 ?% K v; j: W: h: m4 a2 G- H(Member of Academy of Science) / T3 t& S- M# J2 s Prof. G. Philander, (Postdoctoral mentor) ; h' U) K; Q9 h; p- J5 M: fDepartment of Geosciences 0 [3 d& Z4 |; n* y0 HSayre Hall, P.O.Box CN710, Princeton University, Princeton. NJ08544 - [- @3 m, |; L UPhone: 609-258-5683, Fax: 609-258-2850, Email: gphlder@splash.princeton.edu, (Member of Academy of Science) ' p3 X: N+ X, K, g9 K. ]Prof. J. Kutzbach, Center for Climatic Research, 1 F/ U- I- ^ b. {' c8 t- IUW-Madison, Madison, WI53706 4 m) _2 L9 W' b1 QPhone: 608-262-0392, Fax: 608-262-0166, 3 F' F2 l2 n c* G* TEmail: jek@wisc.edu. : S% e1 g3 W3 ^) B0 R(EGU Millankovich medalist) % m- A9 H% u* B B8 L% D6 t , Z0 F8 N7 ?* l# ]6 u) L e+ t* GDr. K. Bryan, 4 p8 o: j6 w1 }& p( ~6 u- m! JSayre Hall, P.O.Box CN710, Princeton University, Princeton. NJ08544 Phone: 609-258-3688,   Fax: 609-258-2850, Email: kbryan@splash.princeton.edu, 6 U5 N# e2 j3 F+ ](Sverdrup medalist) 0 r% V# r' s, _5 L: zProf. Wunsch, Carl ' L" Z$ f. r8 M- j# [Rm 54-1516, MIT Cambridge, MA 02139 5 L2 D. v b, h; c! b8 zcarl@plume.mit.edu ! L# ^) ?) m- [" E(Member of Academy of Science) / `" U8 r5 a3 t8 y4 z O " `8 B2 B7 ?: ~$ uProf. Toshio Yamagata Department of Earth and Planetary Physics Graduate School of Science * G+ |' [7 }# m8 r1 pThe University of Tokyo 3 _- o4 P9 y" B! ]/ c `2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku # y& n' U+ a* }/ D4 o) GTokyo 113, JAPAN yamagata@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Sverdrup medalist) * l, o* ^) N6 s$ X, l4 K5 BAccomplishment: Zhengyu Liu 8 S& A* w1 d+ h( [2 V8 p) YHis major accomplishments are in the following four categories: 1) pioneering work on the dynamics of decadal thermocline variability; 2) fundamental contributions to the dynamics of tropical-extratropical interaction in the ocean and in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system; 3) innovative studies of ocean-atmosphere interactions in coupled ocean-atmosphere models; and 4) important contributions to the understanding of climate processes involved in glacial/interglacial cycles. Furthermore, Liu has been active in the development of earth system models, including models with biosphere variability, and in the study of future global climate change. In less than 15 years of research since his PhD, Liu has published more than 75 articles in various journals including: J. Phy. Oceanography, J. Atmos. Science, J. Climate, Bulletin of the AMS, Geophysical Res. Letters, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Climate Dynamics, Geology, Science, Quarterly J. of the RMS, and others. This body of work is a remarkable achievement that illustrates both the depth and breadth of his interests and accomplishments. Very briefly, I will attempt to summarize each of the four major areas of his work. 1) Pioneering work on the dynamics of decadal thermocline variability. In his graduate work, Liu began a series of studies on the theory of the time-dependent ventilated thermocline (Liu, 1993; Liu and Pedlosky, 1994). Later, Liu was, I believe, the first to propose a unified view of advective thermocline processes in terms of the role of different modes of baroclinic planetary waves (e.g. Liu, 1999). This series of papers has helped advance thermocline theory from the earlier steady-state viewpoint to the viewpoint of its time-dependent evolution. Furthermore, as described next, this work provides an important context for exploring the dynamics of decadal variability in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. 2) Fundamental contributions to the study of tropical-extratropical interactions in the ocean and in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. These studies, building upon his graduate and post-graduate work, have helped to demonstrate the importance of upper ocean processes in linking the extratropical and tropical oceans via subduction (e.g. Liu et al., 1994) and wave dynamics (e.g. Liu, 2002). Liu has also emphasized the role of atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections in the coupled ocean-atmosphere climate system (teleconnections via both atmospheric “bridges” and oceanic “tunnels”) (e.g. Liu and Yang, 2003). This work has contributed not only to physical oceanography, but also to coupled climate dynamics, and in particular to ideas on interdecadal climate variability (Liu et al, 2002a), the maintenance of the observed coupled tropical climatology (e.g. Liu and Huang, 1997) and more generally, to the appreciation of interhemispheric climate interactions for past and future global climate (see below). 3) Innovative studies of the mechanisms of decadal climate variability in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. As models become more complex and realistic, it becomes increasingly challenging to isolate the “origin” and feedback processes of particular space/time modes of climate variability. Facing this challenge, Liu and his colleagues have been leaders in designing innovative methods for “partial coupling” and “partial blocking”of processes within climate models (i.e., restoring/prescribing certain model variables, such as temperature, to climatological values in certain regions of the surface or subsurface ocean, while allowing full interactive coupling elsewhere) . This approach, in which results from fully-coupled simulations are compared to results from partially-coupled or partially-blocked simulations, has enabled Liu and colleagues to isolate the regional origins and teleconnection mechanisms of major decadal coupled modes in the tropical Pacific, North Pacific and Atlantic regions (Liu et al., 2002a; Liu and Wu, 2004) and provides a powerful and general tool for a wide range of studies with coupled climate models. / u) z7 z# T3 g/ c: p5 ~' A0 c {+ L" P0 G) k+ p: H6 F; z4) Important contributions to the understanding of climate processes involved in glacial/interglacial cycles. Until very recently, almost all studies of glacial/interglacial processes have been based upon observational studies and model studies confined to atmosphere/mixed-layer oceans. Liu and colleagues are among a small group who have pioneered in using fully-coupled atmosphere-ocean models in studies of past climates. For interglacial times, Liu and his colleagues proposed possible mechanisms for the observed change of El Nino in the mid-Holocene (Liu et al., 2000), and identified the role of oceanic subduction processes and coupled ocean-atmosphere feedbacks in helping to explain shifts in monsoon circulations in different regions (Kutzbach and Liu, 1997; Liu et al., 2003). For glacial times, they have identified the possible role of sea-ice changes in the southern hemisphere in causing changes in the strength and spatial extension of Antarctic Bottom Water, with associated changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (Shin et al., 2002) and tropical SSTs (Liu et al., 2002b). This “southern lead” of certain aspects of glacial climate change has been noted in the observations, but Liu and colleagues are among the first to propose possible mechanisms to explain this observation. In addition to these four areas of very significant contributions over a period of years, Liu is now initiating new work in two additional areas while continuing work on the earlier topics. Recognizing that a growing body of literature has documented the role of vegetation feedbacks in causing either amplification or damping of temperatue and precipitation changes on the continents, Liu has been the driving force, here at Wisconsin, in helping us develop a coupled climate model that includes interactive vegetation. We are just at the beginning of isolating the role of atmosphere-ocean-vegetation processes, processes heretofor described mainly with simplified climate models such as CLIMBER (a model of intermediate complexity). The first paper on this topic has recently been submitted (Notaro et al., 2004). Liu is also giving attention to the study of possible future climate scenarios using coupled models (Vavrus and Liu, 2002). Based on both geologic and historical climate records as well as global climate simulations, Liu and his colleagues have identified tropical-extratropical SST contrasts as a robust dynamic fingerprint for global climate change in which the tropical SST responds more than the subtropical SST to both a global warming or cooling. This work may provide an explanation of a major feature of SST change for the Last Glacial Maximum and for future enhanced-greenhouse climates (Liu and Vavrus, 2005; Liu et al., 2005). : { E4 J `: h The combination of Liu’s considerable accomplishments in several fundamental areas, and his ongoing exploration of new areas of research is impressive. Liu represents well the new generation of researchers interested in atmosphere-ocean interactions. With his combination of a background in theoretical geophysical fluid dynamics and climate modeling, and with his broad interests in coupled ocean-atmosphere and earth system dynamics at a wide range of time and space scales, he is making fundamental contributions in the tradition of Sverdrup. , s0 j, d9 w" L# B$ T- o& }) T 0 t/ ^- _* M& q' b" J' a2 r1 JProposed citation: For pioneering work on the dynamics of decadal thermocline variability, for fundamental contributions to the understanding of the dynamics of tropical-extratropical interaction in the ocean and in the coupled ocean-atmosphere system, for innovative studies of the mechanisms of decadal climate variability in coupled ocean-atmosphere models, and for important contributions to the understanding of atmosphere-ocean processes involved in glacial/interglacial cycles. : Y+ p% K2 l/ M4 Q) P 5 p* U2 ]# t! h% x/ |( _: d Selected References Liu, Z., 1993: Thermocline forced by varying wind. II: annual and decadal Ekman pumping. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 2523-2541 Liu,Z. and J. Pedlosky, 1994: Thermocline forced by annual and decadal surface temperature variation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 587-608, Liu, Z., S.G.H.Philander and R. Pacanowski, 1994: A GCM study of tropical -subtropical upper ocean mass exchange. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2606-2623. Liu, Z. and B. Huang, 1997: A coupled theory of tropical climatology:   Warm pool, cold tongue and Walker Circulation. J. Climate, 10, 1662-1679. Kutzbach J. and Z. Liu, 1997: Oceanic feedback on the western African monsoon at 6000 BP. Science, 278, 440-443. $ Y0 z0 `, G: r G( E9 }Liu, Z., 1999: Forced planetary wave response in a thermocline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1036-1055 Liu, Z., J. Kutzbach and L. Wu, 2000: Modeling climatic shift of El Nino variability in the Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2265-2268. ! y9 }2 r# r) DLiu, Z., 2002: How long is the memory of tropical ocean dynamics. J. Clim., 15, 3518-3522 ; V J% F" B i$ s2 D3 g7 nLiu, Z., W. Wu, R. Gallimore and R. Jacob, 2002a: Search for the origins of Pacific decadal climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 10.1029/2001GL013735 Liu, Z., S. Shin, B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Kutzbach and E. Brady, 2002b: Tropical Cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum and Extratropical Ocean Ventilation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 , 10.1029/2001GL013938 Shin S., Z. Liu, B. Otto-Bliesner, E. Brady, J. Kutzbach, 2002: Southern Ocean sea-ice control of the glacial North Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, DOI:10.1029/2002GL015513 ' O$ V/ ?9 ?+ J' bLiu, Z. and H. Yang, 2003: Extratropical control on tropical climate: atmospheric bridge and oceanic tunnel. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 10.1029/2002GL016492 Liu, Z., B. Otto-Bliesner, J. Kutzbach, L. Li, C. Shields, 2003: Coupled climate simulations of the evolution of global monsoons in the Holocene. J. Clim., 16, 2472-2490 1 A0 L/ o/ I0 M W8 S" n7 uLiu, Z. and L. Wu, 2004: Atmospheric response to North Pacific SST: The role of ocean-atmosphere coupling. J. Clim., 17, 1859-1882 Notaro, M., Z. Liu, R. Gallimore, S. Vavrus, J. Kutzbach, C. Prentice and R. Jacob, 2004: Simulated and observed pre-industrial to modern vegetation and climate changes. J. Clim, submitted ! x8 W7 e8 i# }" C% l; AVavrus, S., and Z. Liu, 2002: Understanding the response of the tropical atmosphere-ocean system to increased CO2 using Equilibrium Asynchronous Coupling. Climate Dyn, 19, 355-369. Liu, Z. and S. Vavrus, 2004: Tropical-extratropical SST contrast: a fingerprint for global climate change. In preparation Liu, Z., S. Vavrus, F. He, N. Wen and Y. Zhong, 2005: Rethinking tropical ocean response to global warming: the enhanced equatorial warming. J. Clim., in press